It is commonly thought superluminal or faster-than-light physics phenomena should be excluded from mainstream physics and considered like an exotic subject to be confined at most to science fiction, since their existence should be in contrast with the predictions of curently accepted main physical theories. On the other hand several theoretical and experimental results, collected during the last decades, like those related, for examples, to hypothetical tachyons, astrophysical quasars, anomalous dispersion in material media, quantum tunneling of single photons or e.m. field and finally to quantum entanglement, gave founded evidences of the occurrence of superluminal processes. Unfortunately, the study of such phenomena has been often compromised by misleading analyses, scientific prejudices or misunderstandings, preventing a balanced and in-depth assessment, so discouraging the realization of further experimental and theoretical examinations. In this book the authors explored, by adopting an open mind but also rigorous approach, some of the most intriguing and fascinating aspects of the physics of superluminal phenomena by describing and discussing, from a radically new standpoint related to the picture of QED coherence in matter, a series of theoretical explorations probing the possibility that superluminal particles and fields actually exist. In particular they also considered the hypothesis according to which the higher performance capabilities of human brain, including consciousness, could be explained from the standpoint of quantum computation, invoking superluminal particles like the conjectured so-called tachyons. As shown in this monograph, superluminal fields and particles emerging from quantum vacuum coherent dynamics could be responsible for new types of physical process providing new and valuable insights into the fields of fundamental physics, condensed matter physics, astrophysics, cosmology and biophysics as well, probably indicating the need for an honest and deep revision of the currently accepted framework of theoretical and applied physics and of the historically well-established scientific knowledge.